这是什么草怎么除
学名:空心莲子草，一般的俗称，水花生。
水花生**根系发达，仅靠杀灭地表的茎叶不能从根本上解决水花生的持续危害，一般来说水花生防治方法如下：
1、用清草灵防除稻田田埂、渠边、沟边的水花生，防效达98％以上。每套兑水30－45公斤均匀喷雾。从水花生发芽到旺长期均可施药防治。施药时不能将药液喷在其它作物上。
2、防治圩埂路旁、河沟边的水花生，用清草灵防效显著。在水花生发生始盛期，用清草灵水田专用除草剂均匀喷雾，施药后，水花生很快发黄，一周后茎叶枯死，根也被杀死。

3、水旱轮作可以抑制水花生滋生蔓延。采用水花生专用除草剂水花生净（水剂）、水花生光（粉剂），于水花生发生初期对水喷雾，当地上部分黄萎后又现青时，再次用药，可以将水花生连根杀死。经过连续2－3年防治可以根除水花生。在水花生发生较重的地方，可以用灭生性除草剂农达防除。选晴好天气定向喷雾，以免药液飘到农作物上造成药害。
德美亚2号玉米用途
玉米不仅是人类粮食的主要来源，已成为一种热门的保健食品，经常出现于餐桌上，并风靡曾经以食物精细著称的欧美世界。据报载，美国前总统里根曾每天早上都以玉米片粥作早餐。
德美亚2号玉米
幼苗：叶片黄绿色，叶鞘浅紫色。
植株：半紧凑型，株高238cm，穗位69cm，16片叶。
雄穗：护颖绿色，花药深紫色，一级分枝9个。
雌穗：花丝紫色。
果穗：短筒型，粉轴，穗长16.2cm，穗粗4.3cm，秃尖0.4cm，穗行数14，行粒数33，单穗粒重131.4g，出籽率86.8%。
籽粒：偏硬粒型，橙黄色，百粒重30.3g。
菜园允许使用的农药按其成分可分为几类？
菜田允许使用的农药按其成分可划分为生物制剂和化学
药剂两大类，而化学药剂又可从作用方式分，还可从致死机制、化学成分等方面分为若干类。
蔬菜杀虫药有多少
果断太难了，也许你买的是无毒无公害原生态的，如本人家种的那种，也许你买的是毒蔬菜，所以尼，不管什么样的尽量洗洗干净就OK拉
科学小论文1000字以上
科学在我们生活上是不可缺少的。所以我们也要不停的发现我们身边的问题，勇于向科学提问。因为，科学的答案往往是对的。
最近的生活，让我再次发现了生活上的一个小问题，这个问题是我仔细的观察所发现出来的。现在，我们送走了骄阳似火的夏天，迎来了金风送爽的秋天，经过秋天的变化，我发现了这个问题:为什么迎着秋天到来树叶会由绿变黄或红?这个问题的答案我找了很久，但最终还是给我找到了!
在这好几天里，我发现丰收的季节秋天要来了!看到农民伯伯们都在忙着收获他们经过劳累而结果的果实、看到了秋风姐姐正在向我们招手、看到了人们身上一下子加多了一件衣服、看到了草地上的小草不再嫩绿，都开始枯黄了。树上的叶子都开始变黄、变红，然后掉下来了。
正是这样的现象，让我知道了，秋天在向我们招手。就是因为秋天的到来让我发现这个问题:为什么迎着秋天到来树叶会由绿变黄或变红?
那是一个漂浮着薄雾的早上，我站在家门前，不经意看到了一片片树叶，原来是嫩绿色的，现在变成了枯黄的颜色，这让我感到很好奇。为什么好好的叶子会由绿变黄呢?我便从地上把那片叶子捡了起来，轻轻的摸了摸它干燥的叶面，再轻轻的摸了摸树上嫩绿的叶子，对比之后才发现那完全是两种感觉。我就在那天开始找这个问题，几经辛苦答案让我找到了，我急忙把答案告诉我姐姐!
我经过许多方法才找到这个答案，我去了书店翻阅书籍，去询问许多大哥哥大姐姐，上网查阅资料，到了网上提问。呵!我的功夫可还真算是没白费掉!
我在网上，找了好久好久才找到的:为什么迎着秋天的到来树叶会由绿变黄和红?那是因为:所有的树叶中都含有绿色的叶绿素，树木利用叶绿素捕获光能并且在叶子中其他物质的帮助下把光能以糖等化学物质的形式存储起来。除叶绿素外，很多树叶中还含有黄色、橙色以及红色等其他一些色素。虽然这些色素不能像叶绿素一样进行光合作用，但是其中有一些能够把捕获的光能传递给叶绿素。在春天和夏天，叶绿素在叶子中的含量比其他色素要丰富得多，所以叶子呈现出叶绿素的绿色，而看不出其他色素的颜色。 当秋天到来时，白天缩短而夜晚延长，这使树木开始落叶。在落叶之前，树木不再像春天和夏天那样生成大量的叶绿素，并且已有的色素，比如叶绿素，也会逐渐分解。这样，随着叶绿素含量的逐渐减少，其他色素的颜色就会在叶面上渐渐显现出来，于是树叶就呈现出黄、红等颜色。
经过了我的好几天寻找，我想要的答案还是出来了，这些答不仅我明白了为什么树叶会变黄或变红，还让我懂得了要去寻找，才能得到答案。其实，科学都是要经过自己大脑去思考和推测，这样世界上才会有科学家去不断研究新问题可能。所以，这个答案都是经过科学的推测，我永远相信科学。
我知道，只有我们在生活中不断去观察、发现、再去研究，最终一定会找到答案的。我学科学，我相信科学，我爱科学!
中国有名的农药公司有哪些？
2013年
1 红太阳集团有限公司
2 浙江新安化工集团股份有限公司
3 江苏扬农化工集团有限公司
4 安徽华星化工股份有限公司
5 山东润丰化工有限公司
6 浙江金帆达生化股份有限公司
7 安徽广信农化股份有限公司
8 湖北沙隆达股份有限公司
9 江苏南通江山农药化工股份有限公司
10 江苏天容集团股份有限公司
－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
以下是11-100名
11 山东滨农科技有限公司
12 江苏常隆化工有限公司
13 江苏丰山集团有限公司
14 江苏克胜集团股份有限公司
15 山东侨昌化学有限公司
16 深圳诺普信农化股份有限公司
17 山东青岛海利尔药业有限公司
18 联化科技股份有限公司
19 江苏辉丰农化股份有限公司
20 山东华阳农药化工集团有限公司
21 河北威远生物化工股份有限公司
22 捷马化工股份有限公司
23 江苏蓝丰生物化工股份有限公司
24 山东大成农药股份有限公司
25 湖南海利化工股份有限公司
26 江苏好收成韦恩农化股份有限公司
27 常州康美化工有限公司
28 宁夏三喜科技有限公司
29 江苏长青农化股份有限公司
30 福建三农集团股份有限公司
31 浙江中山化工集团有限公司
32 河北凯迪农药化工企业集团
33 湖北仙隆化工股份有限公司
34 先正达南通作物保护有限公司
35 浙江菱化集团有限公司
36 山东天成农药有限公司
37 辽宁大连瑞泽农药股份有限公司
38 浙江钱江生物化学股份有限公司
39 江苏剑牌农药化工有限公司
40 济南绿霸化学品有限责任公司
41 山东曹达化工有限公司
42 浙江永农化工有限公司
43 江苏绿利来股份有限公司
44 江苏江阴市利港精细化工厂
45 济南科赛基农化工有限公司
46 四川绵阳利尔化工有限公司
47 河南焦作市瑞宝丰生化农药有限公司
48 沈阳科创化学品有限公司
49 山东齐发药业有限公司
50 江苏宝灵化工股份有限公司
51 辽宁大连松辽化工有限公司
52 四川贝尔化工集团有限公司
53 天津农药股份有限公司
54 山东阳谷中石药业有限公司
55 山东绿丰农药有限公司
56 江苏方舟化工有限公司
57 江苏盐城科利达化工有限公司
58 安徽丰乐农化有限责任公司
59 石家庄市兴柏生物工程有限公司
60 江苏嘉隆化工有限公司
61 允发化工（上海）有限公司
62 上海杜邦农化有限公司
63 佳木斯黑龙农药化工股份有限公司
64 德州田丰生物科技有限公司
65 山东先达化工有限公司
66 乐斯化学有限公司
67 山东中农民昌化学工业有限公司
68 山东京博农化有限公司
69 江苏新沂市利民化工有限公司
70 广西易多收生物科技有限公司
71 浙江乐吉化工股份有限公司
72 太仓市农药厂有限公司
73 沈阳丰收农药有限公司
74 江苏快达农化股份有限公司
75 江苏丰登农药有限公司
76 浙江海正化工股份有限公司
77 安徽嘉日成集团
78 安徽安庆市化工总厂
79 重庆农药化工（集团）有限公司
80 日照市邦化生物科技有限公司
81 华北制药集团爱诺有限公司
82 河北新丰农药化工股份有限公司
83 江苏新河农用化工有限公司
84 山东一松生化有限公司
85 武汉中鑫化工有限公司
86 山东农丰化工有限公司
87 海南正业中农高科股份有限公司
88 内蒙古宏裕科技股份有限公司
89 山东菏泽力邦化工有限公司
90 四川省川东药化工有限公司
91 石家庄宝丰化工有限公司
92 青岛瀚生生物科技股份有限公司
93 山东京蓬生物药业股份公司
94 四川国光农化有限公司
95 山西省农科院棉花所三联农化实验厂
96 山西科星农药液肥有限公司
97 河南安阳市红旗药业有限公司
98 重庆东方农药有限公司
99 北京北农国信科技发展有限公司
100 湖南国发精细化工科技有限公司
大棚蔬菜常用农药有哪几种
1、杀菌剂：蘸盘、灌根时，杀菌剂的使用必不可少。当前越来越多的菜农从育苗场定苗，菜农对苗子前期的生长情况根本不了解，如育苗的基质和苗盘的消毒情况、苗期病害发病程度等等。要想从根源上防治病害，使用杀菌剂蘸盘、灌根是最有效的方法。
2、杀虫剂：使用杀虫剂蘸盘防治害虫，应根据虫害发生的不同选择合适的防治药剂。
3、生物菌剂：生物菌剂中含有的有益微生物在代谢过程中，可产生细胞分裂素、吲哚乙酸、维生素、赤霉素等植物生长素及氨基酸等活性物质，改善土壤环境，促进生根，同时对于土壤中的有害菌也起到一定的抑制作用，例如，当前市面上使用效果较好的激抗菌968的蘸根宝等。
4、植物生长调节剂：菜农蘸盘、灌根时，植物生长调节剂的使用也十分普遍。如芸薹素内酯、爱多收、胺鲜酯以及一些复合的植物生长调节剂等。另外，腐殖酸、甲壳素、海藻酸、海胆素等，即嘉美红利、金利、海力宝等可促进生根，又能促进放线菌等增殖，适合搭配生物菌剂共同使用。
5、按剂型分：乳油(EC)、悬浮剂(Suspension Concentrate,SC)、水乳剂既浓乳剂(Emulsion in water,EW)和微乳剂(Microemulsion,ME)、可湿性粉剂(WP)、水性化(又称水基化)剂型及水分散粒剂(WDG)、烟雾剂等。
扩展资料：
注意事项：
1、要注意喷雾器的喷片眼要小，眼大的要及时更换。眼小的喷片（直径1.5毫米左右）能喷出细雾，增加植株的着药量，确保防治效果。喷片眼太大，如达到2毫米左右，喷出的药水难成细雾，多呈水柱样，茎叶着药少，且不均匀，流滴在地面上的多，会使防效降低。
2、要注意喷叶子背面为主。病虫害多发生在叶子背面，很多叶部病害是由叶子背面的气孔侵入的，所以喷好叶背面是很必要的，叶背面喷好了，其它部位也容易喷周到，叶正面落上的药也就基本能满足要求了。
3、要注意混加增效剂或展着剂。农药的增效剂或展着剂能提高药效，并延缓抗性的产生。可购买害利平等使用，也可用洗衣粉1000—2000倍代替。
参考资料来源：百度百科-蔬菜常用农药100种
请会外语的朋友帮我到外国的医疗网站上查询三个问题，中国的网站我不太信任
第一个问题：慢性咽炎可以根治吗？
Treating Acute Pharyngitis
By:
Douglas Hoffman
Question :
How do you cure acute pharyngitis? I’ve taken Bactrim and Darvocet, but nothing seems to help.
H.C.
Answer :
Acute pharyngitis is nothing more than a sore throat. The diagnosis usually implies infection with either a virus or bacterium, but really indicates throat inflammation for any reason. “Acute” indicates that the problem has not been around for very long (less than two or three weeks); otherwise, your doctor would have used either the term subacute or chronic. “Pharyngitis” indicates inflammation (itis) of the throat (pharynx).
To cure acute pharyngitis, you need to do two things: eliminate the agent that is causing (or perpetuating) the inflammation, and take steps to improve the health of the lining of the throat (mucosa). Let’s consider each of these in turn.
1. Eliminate the agent that is causing (or perpetuating) the inflammation. If you have a viral infection, you’ll just have to wait it out. Antibiotics (such as Bactrim) are effective only against bacterial infections, and there are no antiviral medications available for most of the viruses that cause sore throat. Give it time; your immune system will get the upper hand, and you’ll get better. If you have a bacterial infection, then antibiotics may help — if your bacteria are susceptible (not resistant) to the antibiotic that was chosen. If your bacteria are resistant, then you might need a different antibiotic. Although this is an unlikely situation, it is certainly not impossible.
If you are infected with something that is neither virus nor bacteria (for example, if you are infected with the yeast Candida, which causes thrush), then antibiotics would not be helpful; you would need medication specific for your particular infection.
How about eliminating factors that perpetuate inflammation? The most common irritants would be tobacco smoke (primary or secondhand) and alcohol (present not just in alcoholic beverages, but also in most commercially available mouthwashes). Other potential irritants would be stomach acid and digestive enzymes — which can enter the throat in people with gastroesophageal reflux disease — and chemical fumes (solvents, paint fumes, cleaning fluids, smog and so forth). If your diet is rich in heavily salted, spiced or acidic foods, then this too could be to blame for a prolonged recovery.
2. Take steps to improve the health of the lining of the throat (mucosa). In addition to eliminating irritants, you can do something very simple to help your throat: Gargle with warm saltwater. My favorite recipe is two teaspoons of table salt, one teaspoon of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and one pint of water. Dissolve the dry ingredients in the water and store in a clean container. Use it at a temperature somewhat warmer than body temperature (NOT scalding — that would be a big step in the wrong direction!). Do a “deep gargle” with this solution two or three times each day until your symptoms resolve. Make up a fresh batch every few days, since microorganisms can grow even in this very nutrient-poor environment.
If your symptoms persist for more than three weeks, you need to see your doctor — and it certainly wouldn’t be a bad idea to see an ear, nose and throat specialist. Persistent throat pain can be a sign of a more serious problem — even cancer — so if the conservative measures described above fail to give you prompt relief, you must seek medical attention.
第二个问题：根治后的复发率是百分之几？
http://****henriettesherbal****/eclectic/ellingwood1/chronic-pharyngitis.html
Synonym:—Pharyngeal catarrh.
This disease exhibits different characteristics in different cases. Those conditions known as granular or follicular pharyngitis and hypertrophic pharyngitis, or these when involving the naso-pharynx, are varieties.
Definition:—A chronic inflammation involving the pharyngeal or naso-pharyngeal mucous membranes.
Etiology:—This condition is more common in certain climates, especially on the Atlantic seacoast in the United States and in the region of the great lakes.
Those subject to chronic nasal catarrh and those who have had previous attacks of acute pharyngitis are especially liable to chronic development of this disease. It occurs among those in poor health, who are subject to mental overwork. Those who are addicted to smoking and to the use of alcohol, those who habitually strain the voice, especially in the open air; “stump” speakers, street venders and auctioneers are especially liable to attacks. It is common among teachers and clergymen and army officers. It is caused also by the persistent use of hot drinks, by the continued inhalation of irritating vapors, and by constant exposure to a cold, damp atmosphere.
Those who have some chronic obstruction within the nasal passages often seem to suffer from this disease, and there is a class of cases in which the disease is induced by chronic stomach disorder.
Symptomatology:—An almost constant inclination to clear the throat by hawking is a prominent early symptom. There may be a continued slight change of the voice and hoarseness, with dry, hacking cough. Prolonged use of the voice may be followed by irritability and fatigue and by extreme huskiness and partial failure of the voice, until the fatigue is recovered from. Dryness of the throat is commonly complained of, with tickling, and occasionally there is a viscid, sticky secretion. The cough may persist at times, and again it occurs as a persistent hacking, spasmodically or in paroxysms, and affords no relief.
Early in the history of the case the mucous surfaces, especially in the catarrhal variety, are red, irritable in appearance, and covered with closely adherent mucus or muco-pus. The uvula is relaxed and elongated, and there is a nasal “twang” to the voice.
In the hypertrophic form the membranes are swollen, thickened and red, and the follicles are greatly enlarged, resembling small polypi. In the atrophic form the membranes are thin, smooth, sometimes pale, and sometimes presenting a dusky appearance. There is no swelling of the membranes, and the pharyngeal vault seems wide or cavernous.
These patients are usually feeble and nervous. In many cases there is some neurasthenia, but occasionally the general health is not impaired.
Diagnosis:—The diagnosis depends upon the recognition of the phenomena described, and the exclusion of those characteristic of other throat disorders.
Prognosis:—Those who completely change their habits in order to avoid the causes of the disease can be promised a cure. Those suffering from chronic disease are not liable to be permanently benefited. In all cases there is a liability to a recurrence of the disease.
Treatment:—Any impairment of the constitution must have first attention. The nervous system must be restored, the stomach must be put into the best possible condition, and the environment must be in every way favorable. Everything that has seemed to exercise a causative influence must be sedulously and persistently avoided, especially any prolonged use of the voice, and smoking.
The following should be given for a few weeks at the inauguration of the treatment, both for its general and for its local toning influence: Specific hydrastis one-half ounce, specific collinsonia one ounce, tincture of nux vomica two drams, simple elixir sufficient to make four ounces. Of this a teaspoonful should be given four times daily. When there is loss of appetite and atonicity of the stomach, half of a dram of the tincture of capsicum, or two drams of specific xanthoxylum, should be added to the above. If the patient is at all anemic, its influence is enhanced by the addition of a dram of the carbonate of iron in powder, shaking the bottle before taking. In neurasthenic patients complete rest must be enjoined and change of environment.
The use of the ammonium chlorid is of value in its influence upon the mucous membranes. It should be taken in five grain doses four times daily. In those cases where the urine has a high specific gravity, and contains a great excess of urea, urates or uric acid, the benzoate of ammonium will be of service, in six, eight or ten grain doses four times daily. Elimination must receive careful attention, and lithemia undoubtedly exercises an important influence in the causation of this disease.
Local measures are important. Where the tissues are relaxed and of dull or purplish hue, an infusion of capsicum as a gargle is specifically indicated. The infusion of white oak bark advised in other throat troubles as a gargle will render much service here if to eight ounces two drams of the tincture of capsicum and one dram of boric acid be added. The addition of the distilled extract of witch-hazel is important when there is discomfort or aching in the throat.
The use of the galvanic current will render much service in the ultimate cure of this disease, and the galvano-cautery is generally used by specialists to destroy the follicular enlargements and to reduce the hypertrophy of the tissues.
这是慢性咽炎的其中一种的复发率：
Streptococcal Pharyngitis
Method of:
John Brusch, MD
The pharyngitis syndrome (sore throat) is characterized primarily by sore throat with associated fever and myalgias; occasionally with cough. It is responsible for 10% of outpatient visits and an estimated 50% of ambulatory care antibiotic usage. Of adult patients who receive treatment for a sore throat, 73% receive antibiotic treatment when at least 50% of these cases are of viral etiology. The increase in the overall resistance to antibiotics of the oral pharyngeal flora is due, in great part, to this overprescribing of antimicrobial agents. A variety of bacteria and viruses may produce this syndrome. Group A β-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) is the most common bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis. The diagnosis of “strep throat” has long been a concern of the physician because of its suppurative and nonsuppurative complications.
http://****mdconsult****/das/book/body/152404316-2/0/1621/124.html
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994SPIE.2128…85N
Spatial and temporal coherence are properties of laser light we studied for some time as responsible for biophysical phenomena, capable of significant contributions in the treatment of chronic inflammatory lesions. In this paper we present the results of five years experience in the application of CO2 low power laser (LPL) therapy as a new means of treating chronic pharyngitis. Based on our previous studies, we selected 85 patients with nonspecific chronic pharyngitis to be treated at our laser unit. The patients were grouped as follows: Group I, 40 patients, predominance of hyperemic aspect; and Group II, 45 patients, predominance of hypertrophied aspect. Both groups were submitted to low power irradiation of CO2 laser in eight to ten sessions, one week interval according to the evolution of symptoms. The good results obtained lead us to conclude that this new application for LPL is very suitable for systematic treatment of chronic pharyngitis: a very common and disturbing symptom for a great number of ear, nose, and throat patients, still lacking an effective form of therapy.
第三个问题：目前世界最先进的治疗方法是？
Usage of surgical lasers for the treatment of chronic tonsillitis
E. A. Lvova, and I. S. Manevich
Joint Stock Company “Medicina”, Tverskoy Yamskoy per. 10, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation
Abstract
Thirty-eight patients (children and adults) with chronic tonsillitis were operated on using surgical laser in the ENT department in the outpatient clinic JSC “Medicina” in 2002. A total of 11 patients underwent laser lacunotomy of tonsils, 27 patients, laser ablation of tonsils. Lacunotomy was performed by IAG-holmium laser, ablation of tonsils was performed by CO2 laser, “Sharplan” system. All procedures were done under local anesthesia in outpatient conditions. The patients were selected among groups of patients with chronic tonsillitis (both compensated, 48%, and decompensated, 52%). Results of treatment: Among 27 patients after laser ablation, acute tonsillitis was registered in 2 patients (7.4%) during 6 months of observation. Among 11 patients after laser lacunotomy, exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis was registered in 7 patients (63.6%) during 6 months of observation; 2 of them underwent tonsillectomy. The results were statistically significant (p=0.0008).
Thus, tonsil ablation and lacunotomy are the methods of choice in chronic tonsillitis treatment. Both are efficient enough and allow retention of the organ and avoid tonsillectomy. They are especially advisable in patients with severe contraindications to tonsillectomy and in whom therapeutic methods of treatment are inefficient.
http://****sciencedirect****/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B7581-4B0M3GN-1V&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=7916d18d57e099e7f4eea33bc16f1a96